Boss Fight 14.4.8
Thermoregulation: Explaining Mechanisms
Examiner Focus: Precise terminology for vasodilation/vasoconstriction mechanisms. Distinguish ARTERIOLES from capillaries/veins. Include energy terminology for sweating (latent heat of vaporisation).
Section A: Mechanisms (Paper 2 - MCQ)
5 marks1. What happens to arterioles in the skin when the body temperature is TOO LOW? [1 mark]
2. What happens to hair erector muscles when the body temperature is TOO LOW? [1 mark]
3. What happens to sweat glands when the body temperature is TOO HIGH? [1 mark]
4. Which part of the brain monitors blood temperature and coordinates thermoregulation? [1 mark]
5. Shivering is a response to cold. What does shivering produce? [1 mark]
Section B: Detailed Explanation (Paper 4 - Theory)
20 marks6. Explain how VASODILATION helps to cool the body when temperature is too high. [4 marks]
7. Explain how VASOCONSTRICTION helps to conserve heat when body temperature is too low. [4 marks]
8. Explain how SWEATING cools the body. Include reference to energy changes. [4 marks]
9. Explain how SHIVERING generates heat in the body. [4 marks]
10. Explain the role of the HYPOTHALAMUS in controlling body temperature. [4 marks]
Section C: Experimental & Application (Paper 6)
10 marks11. A student investigates the effect of temperature on sweating rate. Identify the INDEPENDENT variable. [1 mark]
12. In the same investigation, what is the DEPENDENT variable? [1 mark]
13. State TWO control variables that should be kept constant in this investigation. [2 marks]
14. A student measures skin temperature using a thermometer strip on the forehead. Why might this method be INACCURATE? [2 marks]
15. Explain why athletes drink water BEFORE exercise in hot conditions, not just during/after. [3 marks]
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