⚗️ The Haber Process: Conditions
15 Past-Paper Style Questions • Sections A, B & C • The Big 4-Mark Explanation
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
ΔH = −92 kJ/mol | Catalyst: Fe | Temperature: 450°C | Pressure: 200 atm
State the three conditions used in the Haber process.
Write the equation for the Haber process and state the catalyst used.
The Haber process uses a catalyst. State what type of catalyst is used and explain why a catalyst is used.
The unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are recycled in the Haber process. Suggest why this is done.
Name the raw materials used to obtain nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber process.
The forward reaction N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) is exothermic. Explain why a temperature of 450°C is used rather than a lower temperature such as 100°C.
Explain why increasing the temperature above 450°C would not improve the economics of the Haber process, even though it increases the rate of reaction.
The Haber process operates at a 'compromise temperature.' What does this mean in terms of rate and yield?
A student says: 'We should use a temperature of 50°C in the Haber process to get the maximum yield.' Evaluate this statement.
Explain, in terms of collision theory, why increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction in the Haber process.
Explain why a pressure of 200 atm is used in the Haber process rather than 1000 atm, even though 1000 atm would give a higher yield of ammonia.
In the Haber process: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g). Explain, using Le Chatelier's principle, why increasing pressure increases the yield of ammonia.
A factory manager suggests using 500 atm to increase ammonia yield. Give two reasons why this suggestion may not be adopted.
Describe and explain the effect of decreasing the pressure from 200 atm to 50 atm on (i) the rate of reaction and (ii) the yield of ammonia.
The Haber process is described as operating under 'conditions that are a compromise between yield and rate.' Using both temperature AND pressure, explain what this compromise means.
🎯 The Golden Rules for the 4-Mark Essay
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