6.3.8 — Le Chatelier's Principle: Pressure & Concentration
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry 0620 · 15 Questions · 46 Marks Total
🧪 Section A: Concentration Effects
The following equilibrium exists in solution: Fe³⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq) ⇌ FeSCN²⁺(aq). What happens to the position of equilibrium if the concentration of Fe³⁺(aq) is increased?
For the equilibrium: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g), what is the effect on the yield of NH₃ if the concentration of H₂ is decreased?
In the Haber Process: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g), ammonia is continuously removed from the reaction vessel. Explain how this affects the yield of ammonia.
CH₃COOH(aq) ⇌ CH₃COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq). A student adds sodium hydroxide solution to this equilibrium mixture. Explain the effect on the position of equilibrium.
2NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g). The mixture appears brown due to NO₂. What colour change would you observe if you suddenly increase the concentration of N₂O₄ by injection?
⚡ Section B: Pressure Effects
2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g). State and explain the effect of increasing pressure on the yield of SO₃.
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g). Explain why a pressure of 200 atm is used industrially in the Haber Process.
PCl₅(g) ⇌ PCl₃(g) + Cl₂(g). What is the effect of decreasing pressure on the position of equilibrium and the yield of PCl₅?
2NO(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2NO₂(g). State the effect of tripling the pressure on: (a) the position of equilibrium, and (b) the yield of NO₂.
A student claims that 'increasing pressure always increases the yield of the products.' Is this statement correct? Explain.
🚨 Section C: The Trap — Equal Moles
⚠️ Examiner Favourite — Equal moles means ZERO pressure effect!
CO(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CO₂(g) + H₂(g). Explain why changing the pressure has no effect on the position of equilibrium or the yield of CO₂.
H₂(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ 2HI(g). A student increases the pressure by compressing the vessel. Predict and explain the effect on the yield of HI.
N₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2NO(g). This equilibrium is responsible for the formation of pollutants in car engines. Explain why increasing the pressure in an engine does not change the amount of NO produced.
Consider: A(g) + B(g) ⇌ C(g) + D(g). A chemist increases the pressure by a factor of 4. Predict what happens to the yield of C and explain your reasoning.
Compare the effect of increasing pressure on these two equilibria: (i) 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) (ii) CO(g) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CO₂(g) + H₂(g) Explain the difference in behaviour.
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