Solubility Rules — Predicting States
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⚡ Examiner's Golden Rule
Always check for VIP cations (Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺) first — they override ALL other rules. Then check the anion. State symbols in equations are non-negotiable mark points.
Section A — The VIPs (Always Soluble)
Name THREE cations whose salts are ALWAYS soluble in water, regardless of the anion paired with them.
Which anion (negative ion) ALWAYS forms soluble salts, no matter which cation it is paired with?
Predict the state symbol and justify your answer for: Potassium Nitrate (KNO₃) dissolved in water.
Predict the state symbol for: Ammonium Sulfate — (NH₄)₂SO₄ — dissolved in water.
Complete the equation with correct state symbols: NaNO₃ + KCl → NaCl + KNO₃ (in water). Write the full ionic equation if no precipitate forms.
Section B — The Exceptions (Insoluble Salts)
Most chlorides are soluble in water. Name the TWO chlorides that are EXCEPTIONS (insoluble).
Most sulfates are soluble. Name the THREE sulfates that are EXCEPTIONS (insoluble or sparingly soluble).
Most carbonates are insoluble. Name the THREE carbonates that are soluble exceptions.
Most hydroxides are insoluble. Name the FOUR hydroxides that are soluble or slightly soluble exceptions.
Write a balanced equation, WITH state symbols, for the reaction between Lead(II) Nitrate solution and Potassium Chloride solution that produces a white precipitate.
Section C — State Symbols in Equations
Determine the state symbol for Copper(II) Carbonate (CuCO₃) when placed in water. Justify your answer.
Determine the state symbol for Ammonium Sulfate — (NH₄)₂SO₄ — in water.
Determine the state symbol for Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) when added to water.
Barium chloride solution is added to sodium sulfate solution. Write a balanced equation WITH state symbols and identify the precipitate formed.
Classify each of the following as (aq) or (s) when dissolved/placed in water: (a) Iron(III) chloride, FeCl₃ (b) Silver nitrate, AgNO₃ (c) Calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ (d) Potassium hydroxide, KOH (e) Lead(II) sulfate, PbSO₄
📊 Your Score
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🧪 Quick-Fire Solubility Summary
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