Topic 3.3.6-3.3.8
Yield, Purity & Composition
🏭 The Chemistry Factory: Why do factories never get 100% efficiency? Let's explore the real world of chemical production.
The Cookie Batch Analogy
🍪 Your recipe says it makes 12 cookies (Theoretical Yield). But in reality:
- • You burnt 2 cookies 🔥 (Product lost)
- • You ate 1 cookie 🤤 (Side reaction)
- • You have 9 perfect cookies ✨ (Actual Yield)
% Yield = (9 ÷ 12) × 100 = 75%
🎮 Interactive Cookie Factory
📊 Percentage Yield
The Formula
% Yield = (Actual Yield ÷ Theoretical Yield) × 100
Theoretical Yield: What chemistry PREDICTS you should get (calculated from balanced equation)
Actual Yield: What you ACTUALLY get in the lab
Why Yield is NEVER 100%
1️⃣ Product Lost
Some product sticks to glassware, evaporates, or is lost during transfers
2️⃣ Side Reactions
Reactants form unwanted products instead of the desired one
3️⃣ Incomplete Reaction
Not all reactants convert to products (equilibrium reached)
🧮 Yield Calculator
Percentage Yield
80.00%
Calculation: (8 ÷ 10) × 100
🎯 Key Examination Points
% Yield
Always less than 100% due to losses, side reactions, or incomplete conversion
% Purity
Found using analytical techniques like titration - measures actual vs theoretical content
% Composition
All elements must add to 100% - used to verify compound identity
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